The source code for this guide can be found on GitHub

Installing Swift

To kickstart your journey, install Swift to begin using it on macOS, Linux, or Windows.

Tip: To test that you have Swift installed, run swift --version from your shell or terminal app.

Swift comes bundled with the Swift Package Manager (SwiftPM) that manages the distribution of Swift code. It allows easy importing of other Swift packages into your applications and libraries, making it a valuable tool for any Swift developer.

Swift is covered by the Apache License, Version 2.0.

Bootstrapping

Let’s write a small application with our new Swift development environment. To start, we’ll use SwiftPM to make a new project for us. In your terminal of choice run:

$ mkdir MyCLI
$ cd MyCLI
$ swift package init --name MyCLI --type executable

This will generate a new directory called MyCLI with the following files:

.
├── Package.swift
└── Sources
    └── main.swift

Package.swift is the manifest file for Swift. It’s where you keep metadata for your project, as well as dependencies.

Sources/main.swift is the application entry point and where we’ll write our application code.

In fact, SwiftPM generated a “Hello, world!” project for us!

We can run the program by running swift run in our terminal.

$ swift run MyCLI
Building for debugging...
[3/3] Linking MyCLI
Build complete! (0.68s)
Hello, world!

Adding dependencies

Swift based applications are usually composed from libraries that provide useful functionality.

In this project, we’ll use a package called example-package-figlet which will help us make ASCII art.

You can find more interesting libraries on Swift Package Index – the unofficial package index for Swift.

To do so, we extend our Package.swift file with the following information:

// swift-tools-version: 5.8
// The swift-tools-version declares the minimum version of Swift required to build this package.

import PackageDescription

let package = Package(
    name: "MyCLI",
    dependencies: [
      .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/example-package-figlet", branch: "main"),
    ],
    targets: [
        // Targets are the basic building blocks of a package, defining a module or a test suite.
        // Targets can depend on other targets in this package and products from dependencies.
        .executableTarget(
            name: "MyCLI",
            dependencies: [
                .product(name: "Figlet", package: "example-package-figlet"),
            ],
            path: "Sources"),
    ]
)

Running swift build will instruct SwiftPM to download the new dependencies and then proceed to build the code.

Running this command also created a new file for us, Package.resolved. This file is a snapshot of the exact versions of the dependencies we are using locally.

A small application

Start by removing main.swift. We’ll replace it with a new file called MyCLI.swift. Add the following code to it:

import Figlet

@main
struct FigletTool {
  static func main() {
    Figlet.say("Hello, Swift!")
  }
}

This provides a new entrypoint to the app which could be asynchronous if required. You can either have a main.swift file or a @main entrypoint, but not both.

With import Figlet we can now use the Figlet module that the example-package-figlet package exports.

Once we save that, we can run our application with swift run Assuming everything went well, you should see your application print this to the screen:

  _   _          _   _                 ____               _    __   _     _ 
 | | | |   ___  | | | |   ___         / ___|  __      __ (_)  / _| | |_  | |
 | |_| |  / _ \ | | | |  / _ \        \___ \  \ \ /\ / / | | | |_  | __| | |
 |  _  | |  __/ | | | | | (_) |  _     ___) |  \ V  V /  | | |  _| | |_  |_|
 |_| |_|  \___| |_| |_|  \___/  ( )   |____/    \_/\_/   |_| |_|    \__| (_)
                                |/                                          

Argument parsing

Most command line tools need to be able to parse command line arguments.

To add this capability to our application, we add a dependency on swift-argument-parser.

To do so, we extend our Package.swift file with the following information:

// swift-tools-version: 5.8
// The swift-tools-version declares the minimum version of Swift required to build this package.

import PackageDescription

let package = Package(
    name: "MyCLI",
    dependencies: [
      .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/example-package-figlet", branch: "main"),
      .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-argument-parser", from: "1.0.0"),
    ],
    targets: [
        // Targets are the basic building blocks of a package, defining a module or a test suite.
        // Targets can depend on other targets in this package and products from dependencies.
        .executableTarget(
            name: "MyCLI",
            dependencies: [
                .product(name: "Figlet", package: "example-package-figlet"),
                .product(name: "ArgumentParser", package: "swift-argument-parser"),
            ],
            path: "Sources"),
    ]
)

We can now import the argument parsing module provided by swift-argument-parser and use it in our application:

import Figlet
import ArgumentParser

@main
struct FigletTool: ParsableCommand {
  @Option(help: "Specify the input")
  public var input: String

  public func run() throws {
    Figlet.say(self.input)
  }
}

For more information about how swift-argument-parser parses command line options, see swift-argument-parser documentation documentation.

Once we save that, we can run our application with swift run MyCLI --input 'Hello, world!'

Note we need to specify the executable in this case, so we can pass the input argument to it.

Assuming everything went well, you should see your application print this to the screen:

  _   _          _   _                                           _       _   _ 
 | | | |   ___  | | | |   ___         __      __   ___    _ __  | |   __| | | |
 | |_| |  / _ \ | | | |  / _ \        \ \ /\ / /  / _ \  | '__| | |  / _` | | |
 |  _  | |  __/ | | | | | (_) |  _     \ V  V /  | (_) | | |    | | | (_| | |_|
 |_| |_|  \___| |_| |_|  \___/  ( )     \_/\_/    \___/  |_|    |_|  \__,_| (_)
                                |/                                             

The source code for this guide can be found on GitHub